In her book 'In Freedom's Shade', Anis Kidwai explained the role of the state in widening communal divisions – something that finds reflection even today.

In 1947-1948, the Delhi administration conspired to either convert Muslims to Hinduism or evict them from villages in and around the national capital, besides tacitly encouraging them to leave for Pakistan. Among its tactics was to tell Muslims that the Indian government did not want them around.

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