The partition of Punjab into West (in Pakistan) and East (in India) Punjab experienced violence on an unprecedented scale because of the confusion around it, as also the large population. Of the 12 million migrations, 10 million were from the Punjab region. Moreover, both the governments could not have anticipated the escalation of communal violence to such degree, that it lasted from March to November 1947.

Excerpt from https://feminisminindia.com/2017/06/27/partition-punjab-violation-women/