On May 14, 1947, the Viceroy assured Abul Kalam Azad that he would “give complete assurance at least on this one question.” He would see to it that there was no bloodshed and riot. “I am a soldier, not a civilian. Once partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no

Reference article; https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Network-of-Canal-in-Thal-1954-Source-One-of-the-network-canal-which-turned-an-area_fig1_371540584 Excerpts: This article explains the post partition scenario in East and West of the Pakistani Punjab.This imperative research includes the details

A collection of historical books on Punjab has been meticulously digitized and are available here in the Panjab Digital Library (based in Chandigarh, Punjab). There are series of books on the subject of Partition such as growing religious tensions in 1946, the Punjab Boundary Comission reports of 19

Ian Talbot analysis the development trends of Lahore and Amritsar post-partition. In contrast to the resurgence of Lahore, Amritsar saw its economy deteriorate due to lack of trade links with Karachi and Central Asia. Most of the supply of raw materials and business relationships with Lahore and we

The 1947 Sirhind train massacre was an attack on Ropar ‘s prosperous, wealthy and influential muslim clan Abbasi Sheikhan of Sheikhan Miran locality of Ropar city. It killed 2000 Muslims of this clan and only a dozen people of clan survived. Link: https://en.everybodywiki.com/1947_Sirhind_Train_Mas

We will not let anyone demolish the masjid, it is the house of god. The 100 years old mosque in village Hedon Bet, Machhiwara Tehsil in Ludhiana still stands tall, despite zero Muslim population in the village. The Mosque that was built in 1920 lies abandoned for want of worshipers. Article: https:/

When All Else Fails, by Chaim D. Kaufmann, Associate Professor of International Relations at Lehixh University. Link to study Excerpts: Although the provincial population overall was 56 percent Muslim, 27 percent Hindu, and just 13 percent Sikh, the Sikhs averaged considerably wealthier than the

History books and source material on the bloody Partition of India https://partitionof1947.blogspot.com/2009/08/partition-of-1947-how-sikhs-saved-their.html Several hundred dead Hindus and Sikhs lying around the platform https://partitionof1947.blogspot.com/2009/08/time-magazine-8th-september-1947

" On September 24, 1947, the train of refugees stopped at Kamoke, a prosperous Hindu-Sikh trading centre situated a few miles from Gujranwala in what is now Pakistan. Dada said, “The train was stopped by Muslim gangs, who wanted to loot and kill and rape people.” These mobs were abetted by members

Partition stories often show the ugliness of humanity, some stories over burden the reader with explanation but there are some stories that clearly show the inflection point that started it all. The genesis of the violence that engulfed Punjab in 1947. And all this began on March 6th in the Rawalpin

A Muslim boy who got separated from his family in 1947 and was adopted by a Sikh family in East Punjab finally gets to meet his brothers in West Punjab. Link to article: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/spectrum/lost-found-after-77-years-historian-nonica-datta-and-a-pakistani-youtuber-help-reuni

Our family lost its ancestral home and, within it, four family members. Of the three women one was blind and couldn’t leave the house without a guide. Two were nieces of my grandmother’s sister who had stopped off in Ludhiana on their way back to their village. We never found out what became of the

edited by Radhika Mohanram, Anindya Raychaudhuri Analysis of violence during Partition. A well researched book on the genesis of violence and some of the key events that took place in west and east Punjab. On the killings in Sheikhupura, here's an excerpt.

In the book "The Great Tragedy of India's Partition" by S.S. Sharma. The idea of two-nation theory was also supported by the likes of Savarkar and Lala Lajpat Rai. The book is an essential read for those who want to learn more about this topic, and it methodically goes into the stages that led to

On 22 September 1947, Sir Terence Allen Shone, High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to India, sends a telegram to the Commonwealth Relations Office in which he reports on the recent events in India and Pakistan after the partition of the British Indian Empire. He particularly mentions the communa

Written by Kusum Arora, an independent journalist. Hoshiarpur: Punjab, December 1, 1982. That winter day was special. The dense fog and cold was usual but it was fading away, with the warmth and love that came with the reunion of a family who had been separated in the India-Pakistan Partition 35 yea

Marina Wheeler has written a book about her maternal origins. Her mother Dip – then a Sikh teenager – had survived the trauma of Punjab’s partition, of having to leave behind “the Sargodha Homestead, the beautiful house on Civil Lines, the garden and its fruit trees, indeed their whole way of life

Jhootha Sach, written by Yashpal, one of India's greatest contemporary Hindi language authors, was translated in English by his son Anand. The book is an epic novel about pre-partition Punjab and connects both history and fiction to narrate the tremendous hardships faced by ordinary people escapin

" As Punjab’s cities transfigured into urban slaughterhouses in August 1947, Darji – dressed in army uniform – travelled from Lahore in a British army van to urge his parents and step-daughter to leave Jhelum. This was after he had facilitated his immediate family’s exit to the Indian side of the n

Partition riots: A Sikh remembers with sorrow how his village attacked Muslims An excerpt from Kavita Puri’s ‘Partition Voices’, which mines the memories of Partition survivors now living in the UK. Reference link: https://scroll.in/article/930175/partition-riots-a-sikh-remembers-with-sorrow

In the book "Borders and Boundaries: Women in India's Partition" by Ritu Menon and Kamala Bhasin, the events in Sargodha and other parts of Punjab are painfully documented with the focus on violence against women and children which became the most tragic and shocking aspect of partition. The idea

Reference: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/do133-591.jpg

Niranjan Singh, a Sikh tea merchant, had served a brew to his friend, a Muslim leather worker, for decades. However, the week after he found his shop part of a new country the man came running in one morning with a gang shouting, “Kill him! Kill him!”. One cut Singh’s leg with his sword; others kill

Malwinderjit Warraich writes about his family's tragic journey from Gujranwala to Indian Punjab. "AMONG the millions caught on the wrong side of the divide was my family from the village of Ladhewala Waraich, close to Gujranwala in Punjab. A science student, I was 17 then. Gujranwala stood every ch

Khushdeva Singh (1902–1985) was an Indian physician and social worker, known for his contributions towards the treatment of tuberculosis in India. As a doctor working in refugee camps, he saved many Muslim lives during partition. This is what Dr. Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during

Reference link; https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/movement-refugees/

In the fields out of Chandowal (3 miles out of Narowal) going towards Ali Abad more than 700 mainly Sikhs and many Hindus were massacred. Their bodies infested ponds and wells as well as sugar cane and cotton fields. Many were headless.. A Christian from the local community told my father this as th

In eastern Punjab, same was true in areas where Muslims were being slaughtered especially in the months of August and September. They too were being killed in train stations, villages and towns. I recall a heart wrenching interview of Mohammad Sharif, who lives in Jullundur district, telling the int

In reference to the violence in Princely states of Patiala and Kapurthala. https://www.punjabpartition.com/single-post/2019/10/13/Patiala-and-Kapurthala-August---September-1947

In one of the eye witness interviews, the person is describing the events in the village Bhageaari (also spelled as Bhagiari) in Hoshiarpur where about 2,200 Muslims were killed. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJKXvLXdBd8 Link to the map: https://goo.gl/maps/WvVkcfueYzFCuPEN7