Ian Talbot analysis the development trends of Lahore and Amritsar post-partition. In contrast to the resurgence of Lahore, Amritsar saw its economy deteriorate due to lack of trade links with Karachi and Central Asia. Most of the supply of raw materials and business relationships with Lahore and we

The 1947 Sirhind train massacre was an attack on Ropar ‘s prosperous, wealthy and influential muslim clan Abbasi Shekhaan of Shekhaan Miran locality of Ropar city. It killed 2000 Muslims of this clan and only a dozen people of clan survived. Link: https://en.everybodywiki.com/1947_Sirhind_Train_Mas

We will not let anyone demolish the masjid, it is the house of god. The 100 years old mosque in village Hedon Bet, Machhiwara Tehsil in Ludhiana still stands tall, despite zero Muslim population in the village. The Mosque that was built in 1920 lies abandoned for want of worshipers. Article: https:/

When All Else Fails, by Chaim D. Kaufmann, Associate Professor of International Relations at Lehixh University. Link to study Excerpts: Although the provincial population overall was 56 percent Muslim, 27 percent Hindu, and just 13 percent Sikh, the Sikhs averaged considerably wealthier than the

History books and source material on the bloody Partition of India https://partitionof1947.blogspot.com/2009/08/partition-of-1947-how-sikhs-saved-their.html Several hundred dead Hindus and Sikhs lying around the platform https://partitionof1947.blogspot.com/2009/08/time-magazine-8th-september-1947

" On September 24, 1947, the train of refugees stopped at Kamoke, a prosperous Hindu-Sikh trading centre situated a few miles from Gujranwala in what is now Pakistan. Dada said, “The train was stopped by Muslim gangs, who wanted to loot and kill and rape people.” These mobs were abetted by members

Partition stories often show the ugliness of humanity, some stories over burden the reader with explanation but there are some stories that clearly show the inflection point that started it all. The genesis of the violence that engulfed Punjab in 1947. And all this began on March 6th in the Rawalpin

Train massacres in West Punjab, 1947 Reference: https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/6wJCowz-A3aTIw

Article on how Mahatma Gandhi helped save the Muslims in villages around Delhi. https://scroll.in/article/911290/why-the-meo-muslims-in-mewat-remember-mahatma-gandhi-in-december-every-year Excerpt: During his visit, Gandhi had assured the community that they would not be forced to leave India. He

From Dr. Kirpal Singh's book on Partition and Women. http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/partition_and_women.html Excerpt: The most peculiar phenomenon with regard to the recovery work of non-Muslim women was that the non-Muslim abducted girls very often refused to be evacuated. They were

In the book "The Great Tragedy of India's Partition" by S.S. Sharma. The idea of two-nation theory was also supported by the likes of Savarkar and Lala Lajpat Rai. The book is an essential read for those who want to learn more about this topic, and it methodically goes into the stages that led to

On 22 September 1947, Sir Terence Allen Shone, High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to India, sends a telegram to the Commonwealth Relations Office in which he reports on the recent events in India and Pakistan after the partition of the British Indian Empire. He particularly mentions the communa

Written by Kusum Arora, an independent journalist. Hoshiarpur: Punjab, December 1, 1982. That winter day was special. The dense fog and cold was usual but it was fading away, with the warmth and love that came with the reunion of a family who had been separated in the India-Pakistan Partition 35 yea

Marina Wheeler has written a book about her maternal origins. Her mother Dip – then a Sikh teenager – had survived the trauma of Punjab’s partition, of having to leave behind “the Sargodha Homestead, the beautiful house on Civil Lines, the garden and its fruit trees, indeed their whole way of life

Jhootha Sach, written by Yashpal, one of India's greatest contemporary Hindi language authors, was translated in English by his son Anand. The book is an epic novel about pre-partition Punjab and connects both history and fiction to narrate the tremendous hardships faced by ordinary people escapin

" As Punjab’s cities transfigured into urban slaughterhouses in August 1947, Darji – dressed in army uniform – travelled from Lahore in a British army van to urge his parents and step-daughter to leave Jhelum. This was after he had facilitated his immediate family’s exit to the Indian side of the n

Partition riots: A Sikh remembers with sorrow how his village attacked Muslims An excerpt from Kavita Puri’s ‘Partition Voices’, which mines the memories of Partition survivors now living in the UK. Reference link: https://scroll.in/article/930175/partition-riots-a-sikh-remembers-with-sorrow

Reference: https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/6wJCowz-A3aTIw

From article: https://herald.dawn.com/news/1154054 Of course, the pièce de résistance is the re-enactment of the gory slaughter of the gentle and venerable Doctor Badruddin, with all the family members surrounding him, at the hands of a Hindu mob. This unknown fate of the Badruddins had always rank

In her book 'In Freedom's Shade', Anis Kidwai explained the role of the state in widening communal divisions – something that finds reflection even today. In 1947-1948, the Delhi administration conspired to either convert Muslims to Hinduism or evict them from villages in and around the national ca

Malwinderjit Warraich writes about his family's tragic journey from Gujranwala to Indian Punjab. "AMONG the millions caught on the wrong side of the divide was my family from the village of Ladhewala Waraich, close to Gujranwala in Punjab. A science student, I was 17 then. Gujranwala stood every ch

Khushdeva Singh (1902–1985) was an Indian physician and social worker, known for his contributions towards the treatment of tuberculosis in India. As a doctor working in refugee camps, he saved many Muslim lives during partition. This is what Dr. Khushdeva Singh writes about his experience during

Reference link; https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/movement-refugees/

In the fields out of Chandowal (3 miles out of Narowal) going towards Ali Abad more than 700 mainly Sikhs and many Hindus were massacred. Their bodies infested ponds and wells as well as sugar cane and cotton fields. Many were headless.. A Christian from the local community told my father this as th

In eastern Punjab, same was true in areas where Muslims were being slaughtered especially in the months of August and September. They too were being killed in train stations, villages and towns. I recall a heart wrenching interview of Mohammad Sharif, who lives in Jullundur district, telling the int

In reference to the violence in Princely states of Patiala and Kapurthala. https://www.punjabpartition.com/single-post/2019/10/13/Patiala-and-Kapurthala-August---September-1947

In one of the eye witness interviews, the person is describing the events in the village Bhageaari (also spelled as Bhagiari) in Hoshiarpur where about 2,200 Muslims were killed. Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJKXvLXdBd8 Link to the map: https://goo.gl/maps/WvVkcfueYzFCuPEN7

November 4, 1947, Government of India, Railway Board

Amar Kaur (96) fondly remembers the rare incidents of brotherhood between Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs that saved her and many others. One of the few living survivors of the 1947 mayhem, Amar Kaur says their Muslim neighbours in Icchra (Lahore) first protected them and later took pains to locate them i

Dr. Ilyas Chattha's research paper on Kasur refugee camps. " By early September, the refugee populations in the Kasur camps had reached 250,000. Supplies of vaccine had run out even although Government efforts to obtain it reached as far as France. The refugee population was thus vulnerable to the o